Perangai bergantung pada diri sendiri

Za'ba's work concludes that the weakness of character is the main cause of a nation's weakness. According to Za'ba, the backwardness of the Malays is largely due to their lack of belief in their own abilities, weak aspirations, lack of wisdom, and excessive dependence on others for help and hope. Malays tend to seek assistance and support from others.

What else might be lacking in the Malays? This book lists the weaknesses that need to be improved, serving as a guide for self-reflection and for the nation, so that they do not continue to be complacent and left behind by other nations.

"The wealth of merchants is in their gold coins. The wealth of scholars is in their pieces of paper." - Za'ba.